钢筋混凝土开孔梁的裂缝和破坏特点

通过可视化非线性有限元分析系统对带矩形孔的梁在集中荷载下的全过程仿真分析，详细研究开孔梁的应力、变形、裂缝以及破坏特征等等，总结出其裂缝和破坏的一些特点，为建立开孔梁的设计、验算方法提供更多依据。     

吉林省低山丘陵区水土保持措施减蚀效应研究

对吉林省梅河口市吉兴小流域2004年7个试验小区的径流和产沙情况进行了测定,并将各小区年产沙量换算成土壤侵蚀模数,其中裸地和顺垄试验小区最高,分别为3 070.70,3 008.40 t/km2;地埂植物带、荒山灌木梗小区侵蚀模数略小,分别为629.50,601.40 t/km2;横垄试验小区侵蚀模数297.20 t/km2;生态修复试验小区侵蚀模数只有85.20 t/km2,水平台田试验小区几乎没有产生侵蚀。从产流量来看,裸地试验小区年径流深为27.10 mm,顺垄试验小区年径流深为24.50 mm,水平台田试验小区几乎没有产生径流。对各水保措施的水土保持效益进行了计算,结果表明顺垄试验小区水土保持效益最差,地埂植物带、荒山灌木梗试验小区水土保持效益居中等水准,生态修复试验小区水土保持效益较高,横垄试验小区改垄效益相当明显,水平台田试验小区水土保持效益最高。     

Study on the Limestone Area Ecological Environment Problems Based on the Analysis of Groundwater Elevation

Soil cave, karst collapse doline, occur more and more frequently, a serious threat to people's life and property safety. This paper starts from limestone areas of karst collapse causes-groundwater level elevation angle, analysis of its causes and the destruction of the ecological environment of karst collapse, and based on the principle of karst collapse such incentives put forward the corresponding proposal.     

鄂东南崩岗剖面土壤水分特征曲线及模拟

崩岗是我国南方花岗岩地区破坏性极强的水土流失类型。以鄂东南地区两个典型的崩岗剖面为对象,探讨崩岗剖面包括表土层、红土层、斑纹层和碎屑层的土壤水分特征及方程拟合过程,明确崩岗发生的水分运动机理。结果表明:崩岗土壤释水量伴随吸力呈规律性变化,其中斑纹层和砂土层低吸力时脱水能力大于表土层和红土层,高吸力时各个层次土壤水分特征曲线趋于平缓。利用当量孔隙的计算发现不同土层的孔隙变化也存在变化规律,均体现为由表土层至碎屑层土壤大孔隙比例增加而毛管孔隙减少。选取van Genuchten方程和Gardner方程对崩岗剖面土壤实测数据进行了曲线拟合,同时进行了两个方程的拟合评价,R2基本在0.9以上,同时残差平方和的数量级在10-3和10-5之间。研究表明,van Genuchten方程参数能够较好地拟合崩岗表土层和红土层土壤水分特征曲线的实测数据,误差相对较小,而Gardner方程适用于斑纹层和碎屑层土壤。     

辽宁西瓜衰萎病的病原菌鉴定

近年来,辽宁省新民市西瓜上发生一种新病害,病株根系衰弱、根毛数量减少,根部表皮粗糙,韧皮部木栓化,成软木塞状.随病情发展,植株叶 片自茎基部向顶部逐渐褪绿、变黄、枯萎,重病植株逐渐衰败、凋萎、死亡,故称之西瓜衰萎病.国际上,许多国家有关于西瓜、甜瓜的衰萎病发生的报道[1-5],而我国未见相关研究报道.在辽宁省西瓜产区田间调查发现,该病发生普遍,造成不同程度产量损失,重病田发病率高达30％,且有逐年加重趋势.据此,作者采集病害植株根部组织,分离获得病原菌,通过柯赫氏法则证病试验、病菌培养性状观察以及病菌rDNA ITS序列分析等试验,旨在明确该病害的症状、病原菌种类,为病害的防治提供理论依据.     

覆盖层的抗剪强度与土洞型岩溶塌陷高度关系的数值分析研究

通过三雏快速拉格朗日有限差分法分析了阳春市大河水库移民河西安置典型土洞的塑性区分布情况。数值分析结果表明研究区典型土洞覆盖层在自重作用下所引起的塑性区已发展至地面,因此存在较大的塌陷可能。作者以此为基础,通过数值分析的方法,研究了在自重及其与均布外载联合作用下土洞型岩溶塌陷区的高度与覆盖层抗剪强度之间的关系。     

热水处理对王桉木材干缩率和皱缩的影响

研究了热水处理的温度和时间对王桉（Eucalyptus regnans）木材全干干缩率和皱缩的影响。结果表明：随着处理温度的升高,王桉木材的全干干缩率呈增大的趋势,70℃和80℃时,处理时间对王桉木材的各向干缩率的影响不大;90℃和100℃时,处理时间对王桉木材的各向干缩率影响明显。经100℃热水处理6 h后王桉木材体积、弦向和径向全干干缩率分别增大了78.3%、116.1%和44.4%,分别达到25.5%,18.8%,7.8%。王桉木材的皱缩深度随处理温度的升高显著增大,处理时间对王桉皱缩深度的影响不明显。     

EFFECT OF HEAD AND NECK POSITION ON PHARYNGEAL DIAMETER IN HORSES

Dynamic nasopharyngeal collapse with upper airway obstruction is an important cause of exercise intolerance in performance horses. Its underlying pathophysiology is not fully understood. We hypothesize that head position affects pharyngeal diameter, and thus head position may be a contributing factor to nasopharyngeal obstruction. Fifteen adult healthy horses were subjected to endoscopy and radiography at rest. The pharyngeal diameter was measured at nine different head and neck positions. The effect of sedation and breathing cycle on the pharyngeal diameter was determined, and the relationship between the head angle and the pharyngeal diameter was analyzed. There was a significant influence of head and neck position on pharyngeal diameter, with head position having the major effect (P<0.001); neck position was less important, but still significant (P<0.05). The smallest pharyngeal diameter was found at the dorsal, flexed position, which is a clinically important head position in dressage horses. The largest pharyngeal diameter was found at the extended midway position. At each head level, the pharyngeal diameter decreased with flexing the head and it increased with extending the head. The head angle was not associated with pharyngeal diameter, and neither sedation status nor breathing cycle significantly affected pharyngeal diameter. A decrease in pharyngeal diameter will limit the airflow through the upper respiratory tract, and it may result in turbulence with subsequent dynamic collapse. Head and neck position should therefore be considered a possible contributing factor in horses with suspected nasopharyngeal dysfunction.